Key Conclusions:

• Climate change policy and planning are typically developed and implemented at the national, rather than at the city level. City actions are generally reactive following extreme climate-induced events.
• National climate change policies and planning often do not correspond with distinct city level needs, and as such city level plans are necessary.
• Institutional and financial government support for cities to develop bespoke plans would likely heighten the chances of developing meaningful city plans to tackle climate challenges.
• Development and implementation of climate change strategies require effective governance at the city level.
• Technical and financial collaboration from the private sector is key to implementing climate change policy and planning, particularly in cities with sparse resources.